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1. What’s a PCB? Printed Circuit Board.
2. Name some band definitions. L-Band - 1-2 GHz, S-Band - 2-4 GHz, C-Band - 4-8 GHz, X-Band - 8-12 GHz, Ku-Band - 12-18 GHz.
3. What’s the definition of gain? The signal going into the device is smaller than the signal going out.
4. What’s a definition of an amplifier? It’s a device that exhibits gain.
5. Insertion loss? The signal going in is greater than the signal that’s coming out.
6. Thermal impedance? A measure of how hot the device gets with varying electrical input.
7. What’s the relation between dB and change of signal? +3 dB is 2 times bigger, +10 dB is 10 times bigger.
8. What’s an octave? The bandwidth characterized by higher band being twice as much as lower band (100-200 MHz).
9. What’s a decade? A bandwidth, where the higher band is 10x the lower band (100 MHz - 1 GHz).
10. Skin effect? The signal is reported on the surface of the object, but not inside, e.g. a solid brick wall.
11. VSWR? Voltage Standing Wave Ratio. The numeric representation of the device leak, written like X:1 where X is greater when the leak is greater and 1:1 is the absolute no-leakage VSWR.
12. Describe an impedance matching circuit. A circuit capable of changing the impedance with different values for incoming and outgoing impedance.
13. Describe circular polarization. The signal travels both vertically and horizontally.
14. What’s the job of the amplifier? To increase the incoming signal.
15. What is noise figure? The level of noise that a low-noise amplifier (LNA) is capable of discriminating.
16. What’s a transfer curve? It is a graph of the output power versus the input power of an amplifier.
17. What’s the 911 point? The point where the input power results in flames on the other end.
18. What’s saturation point? The point where the amplifier loses its linearity of the transfer curve.
19. What does balanced amplifier consist of? Two amplifiers stuck together.
20. What is the filters function? To filter out all the unwanted radio signals.
21. What filter types are there? Low-pass (all frequencies below are allowed to pass in), high-pass, bandpass (all frequencies of a given bandwidth are allowed) and band-reject.
22. What are saw filters used for? Very low frequency filtering.
23. What are mixers used for? To change the frequency of the signal.
24. What’s a superheterodyne receiver? It’s a receiver that uses two mixers in a row.
25. Describe VCO. Voltage-controlled oscillators change the frequency of the produced sine wave depending on the voltage they receive.
26. Who is responsible for PLLs? Phase-locked loops are done by synthesizer, that samples the sine wave and if it’s not good enough, changes it.

1. What types of CMOS memories have you designed? What were their size? Speed? Configuration Process technology?
2. What work have you done on full chip Clock and Power distribution? What process technology and budgets were used?
3. What types of I/O have you designed? What were their size? Speed? Configuration? Voltage requirements? Process technology? What package was used and how did you model the package/system? What parasitic effects were considered?
4. What types of high speed CMOS circuits have you designed?
5. What transistor level design tools are you proficient with? What types of designs were they used on?
6. What products have you designed which have entered high volume production?
7. What was your role in the silicon evaluation/product ramp? What tools did you use?
8. If not into production, how far did you follow the design and why did not you see it into production?

1. What is D-FF?
2. What is the basic difference between Latches and Flip flops?
3. What is a multiplexer?
4. How can you convert an SR Flip-flop to a JK Flip-flop?
5. How can you convert an JK Flip-flop to a D Flip-flop?
6. What is Race-around problem? How can you rectify it?
7. Which semiconductor device is used as a voltage regulator and why?
8. Explain an ideal voltage source?
9. Explain zener breakdown and avalanche breakdown?
10. What are the different types of filters?
11. What is the need of filtering ideal response of filters and actual response of filters?
12. What is sampling theorem?
13. What is impulse response?
14. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of FIR filters compared to IIR counterparts.
15. What is CMRR?
16. Explain half-duplex and full-duplex communication?
17. Which range of signals is used for terrestrial transmission?
18. Why is there need for modulation?
19. Which type of modulation is used in TV transmission?
20. Why we use vestigial side band (VSB-C3F) transmission for picture?
21. When transmitting digital signals is it necessary to transmit some harmonics in addition to fundamental frequency?
22. For asynchronous transmission, is it necessary to supply some synchronizing pulses additionally or to supply or to supply start and stop bit?
23. BPFSK is more efficient than BFSK in presence of noise. Why?
24. What is meant by pre-emphasis and de-emphasis?
25. Explain 3 dB cutoff frequency? Why is it 3 dB, not 1 dB?
26. Explain ASCII, EBCDIC?